Artificial intelligence is no longer simply a tool used to generate text, classify information or provide recommendations. Companies are increasingly incorporating systems capable of performing tasks autonomously: managing incidents, interacting with customers, launching internal processes,...
The adoption of generative AI tools in companies can no longer be analysed solely from a technological or efficiency-driven perspective. Their use to draft documents, summarise meetings, generate code, prepare commercial proposals or automate customer...
The transparency obligations under Article 50 of the AI Act are enforceable as from 2 August 2026, and the framework developing them has been finalised over the past few weeks. The Code of Practice on...
Reverse vesting is a contractual mechanism whereby founders initially acquire the full amount of their shares, but agree that, should they leave the company before a specified period has elapsed, the company or the remaining...
The timetable of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 on Artificial Intelligence (the "AI Act") allows for no respite. On 2 August 2026, three obligations of a different nature come into effect simultaneously, yet share a common denominator:...
The European digital ecosystem is undergoing a profound transformation. In recent years, the European Union has adopted a set of rules aimed at regulating the activity of online platforms, digital financial services, crypto-asset service providers,...
The figure of the director in a limited liability company constitutes an essential position within the organisational system of social capital companies. Although these companies are characterised by the separation between the company's assets and...
In commercial transactions, the acquisition of an asset usually grants the buyer an almost absolute power over the asset: the freedom to use it, adapt it or modify it according to its changing needs. However,...
Can a game mechanic become an asset protected by copyright? The Spanish Supreme Court has recently answered this question in the affirmative in one of the most significant decisions of recent years concerning audiovisual formats. Its...
Generative artificial intelligence has reopened a classic copyright question with renewed intensity. Can a company train a model using books, images, songs, articles or databases created by third parties without obtaining individual authorisation from each...
Startup financing requires striking a balance between protecting investors and preserving the company's ability to raise additional capital. In this context, the Most Favored Nation (MFN) clause has become a common mechanism, particularly in transactions...
Over the past few weeks, the idea has taken hold that the AI Act has been put on hold until 2027. That is not the case. On June 16, the European Parliament approved the reform...
Registering a trademark is one of the most important steps in protecting the identity of a business, product, or service against third parties. However, obtaining a trademark registration does not mean that the right is...
In any M&A transaction, funding round, or founding team structure, vesting schemes are no longer a novelty but have become the standard. However, within this framework of incentives and retention, there is a distinction that...
For many Spanish startups, expanding into the United States and attracting American investors has become a natural step in scaling the business internationally. However, entering the U.S. investment ecosystem requires much more than strong growth...
Wellness applications, longevity platforms, habit-tracking tools and artificial intelligence-based solutions that help users gain greater control over their health are becoming increasingly common. However, as these technologies incorporate new functionalities and process health-related information to...
Agentic artificial intelligence — or agentic AI — represents a significant evolution compared to traditional AI systems. We are no longer speaking only about tools that generate text, classify information or make recommendations, but about...
The exclusion of shareholders in a Spanish limited liability company is an exceptional legal mechanism that allows the company to force the exit of one of its shareholders when there is a sufficient legal or...
Artificial intelligence is already part of the day-to-day operations of many companies: text generation tools, data analysis, process automation, customer scoring, recruitment systems, chatbots, recommendation engines and predictive marketing solutions. However, what many businesses have...
The first funding rounds represent one of the most important moments in a startup's life. Securing investment not only means obtaining capital to grow, but also opening the door to new legal, financial, and corporate...
Pressing the transcription button in a meeting and receiving the minutes minutes later has become standard practice in many organisations. What frequently goes unnoticed is that behind this convenience lies personal data processing with concrete...
In this context of increasing digitalization, the way in which personal reputation is built, disseminated and protected has undergone a transformation. The right to honor, traditionally linked to protection against insults or defamation in physical...
During the first years following the entry into force of Law 2/2023, of 20 February, regulating the protection of persons who report regulatory infringements, many organisations treated compliance with the whistleblowing channel as a formality:...
Real estate investment remains one of the most reliable strategies for building and preserving wealth. In recent years, participation accounts (cuentas en participación) have gained traction as a flexible and efficient way to invest in...
What rights does a minority shareholder hold that the majority cannot override Being a minority shareholder does not mean being insignificant. The law recognises a set of rights that cannot be suppressed by majority decision, precisely...
Generative artificial intelligence has become a useful tool for lawyers, consultants, and legal departments: it helps organize ideas, summarize documents, prepare initial drafts, and identify possible lines of argument. However, its use in professional contexts...
The entry of an investor into a startup is usually seen as a positive milestone. And it is. But from a legal standpoint, it is also one of the stages where the most mistakes are...
Registering a trademark is not merely an administrative formality: it is a strategic decision that shapes the legal protection of your business in the medium and long term. One of the most common questions is...
Corporate restructurings are typically approached as a response to a specific need. An ongoing transaction, the entry of an investor, an internal reorganization process or, simply, the realization that the existing structure no longer reflects...
Influencer marketing has become a common tool for digital brands, startups and e-commerce businesses. However, the supposed naturalness of a post on Instagram, TikTok, YouTube or Twitch does not remove its advertising nature where there...
Allocating equity among the founders of a start-up is one of the most sensitive and crucial decisions in the early stages of any project. Although at the start everything is usually driven by excitement, mutual...
New Transparency Requirements for the Use of Artificial Intelligence: What Must Be Included in Your Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy Introduction and Purpose The purpose of this document is to inform operators of digital platforms and...
On 18 February 2026, the Spanish Data Protection Agency (AEPD) published its "Guidance on Agentic Artificial Intelligence from a Data Protection Perspective", aimed at helping controllers and processors identify the risks that arise when AI...
In today's knowledge-based economy, the value of an organization is no longer defined solely by its tangible assets. A company's competitiveness is now measured by its ability to orchestrate an efficient supplier network, optimize manufacturing...
When a company closes an investment round, most of the attention usually goes to valuation, the percentage the investor receives, or the amount of capital coming into the business. However, there is one clause that...
Being a company director is often perceived as a position of prestige or even a mere formality within a company's structure. However, what many people overlook is that accepting this role entails a range of...
In an investment round, the focus is usually placed on metrics, growth, or product. However, there is one element that directly conditions the transaction: the company's legal review. Investors don't just analyze the business potential....
When we talk about trademark registration, we often focus only on the technical aspects: distinctiveness, originality, and avoiding conflicts with existing marks. However, in reality, registering a trademark also requires an ethical and social assessment:...
In recent years, the development of the crypto-asset market has been characterised by significant innovation, but also by a lack of regulatory harmonisation across the European Union. This situation has resulted in legal uncertainty, increased...
With the entry into force of Law 2/2023, whistleblowing channels have come to occupy a prominent place in the compliance programs of many companies. It is no longer simply a matter of having a mailbox...
The Spanish Companies Act establishes clear mechanisms to ensure that directors fulfill their obligations and are accountable for potential damages....
What types of digital evidence exist, how they should be preserved, and how their authenticity is assessed in court proceedings....
Copyright in prompts and the threshold of originality. Confidentiality and operational risks in AI data processing....
Tokenization has emerged as one of the most significant developments within the blockchain ecosystem....
The new legal risk that comes with the Digital Fairness Act to regulate manipulative practices known as dark patterns in e-commerce....
Artificial intelligence is rapidly becoming embedded in hospitals, clinics, laboratories, and mobile applications that monitor our daily lives....
Registering a trademark is a strategic decision that directly affects the value and protection of any business project....
We analyse the AEPD's ten-point guide, ‘Cuidado con lo que le confIAs’ with recommendations for reducing privacy risks in AI systems....
We will tell you about some of the most common legal and commercial mistakes that can hinder an investment round....
Analysis and legal note on the Customer Service Act: implications and legal strategy of Act 10/2025, of 26 December, SAC Act....
Guide to Regulation (EU) 2023/1114, known as the MiCA Regulation: when it applies and who is affected by the issuance of crypto-assets....
ISO/IEC 42001:2023 is the first international standard specifically for AI management systems, promoting its responsible use....
The AI Regulation or RIA has a crucial impact on economic operators and, specifically, on e-commerce....
The new era of AI accountability: legal analysis following the Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act)....
In the field of expert evidence, AI can be used as a support tool to improve the accuracy of the expert's work. ...
What is Chat Control? The controversial European law that would scan your private messages. Privacy protection and public security requirements....
We explain the difference between internal and external investment rounds, as well as the advantages, disadvantages, timelines and processes of each type....
Digital Omnibus Regulation: we tell you which laws are included in the Omnibus Package and the changes that are being considered....
We tell you what you need to know to create participatory financing platforms, also known as crowdfunding or crowlending....
A new call for European funding for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has officially been opened within the 2026 financial period. ...
